幼儿园游戏活动形式特征及结构探析     

杨静 《集美大学学报(教育科学版》2006,7(3):88-91

幼儿园游戏活动形式各异,既相对独立又相互联系,体现出自由游戏自由度高、区域游戏选择性大、主题游戏综合性强;活动结构具有由低到高发展、活动层次具有逐级递进、活动内容具有交叉互补的鲜明特征;在此基础上,有目的、有意识地整合各种游戏活动,形成游戏形式自然地贯穿于幼儿一日活动的基本结构,实现游戏促进幼儿发展的整体功效。  相似文献   

关于1954年宪法     

李宁 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,33(1):104-109

近代中国是一个民族民主革命风云激荡的时代。作为中国革命的历史成果,1954年宪法是对近代中国宪法问题和宪政运动历史经验的总结,体现了对未来社会主义政治建设的发展思路,也是中国当代民主法制建设的良好开端。它标志着近代以来的中国宪法和宪政理论发生了重大转折,即以人民民主专政理论为指导的当代宪法代替了在中国未能成长起来的西方移植性宪法。同时,1954年宪法在经济制度和政治基础两个方面所具有的过渡性特点也预示了这部宪法本身的不稳定性,昭示着中国的民主法制建设是一个长期而艰巨的任务。  相似文献   

创新现代教学设备净化实验空间     

张今心 《中国教育技术装备》2003,(4):14-16

为了净化实验空间，减少环境污染，对化学实验室通风设备进行了长期的研制、设计、开发工作。并且对几种新型的通风设备的特征作了介绍。  相似文献   

Biomechanical characteristics of adults walking forward and backward in water at different stride frequencies     

Cristina Cadenas-Sánchez  Raúl Arellano  Sonia Taladriz  Gracia López-Contreras 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(3):224-231

The aim of this study was to examine spatiotemporal characteristics and joint angles during forward and backward walking in water at low and high stride frequency. Eight healthy adults (22.1 ± 1.1 years) walked forward and backward underwater at low (50 pulses) and high frequency (80 pulses) at the xiphoid process level with arms crossed at the chest. The main differences observed were that the participants presented a greater speed (0.58 vs. 0.85 m/s) and more asymmetry of the step length (1.24 vs. 1.48) at high frequency whilst the stride and step length (0.84 vs. 0.7 m and 0.43 vs. 0.35 m, respectively) were lower compared to low frequency (P < 0.05). Support phase duration was higher at forward walking than backward walking (61.2 vs. 59.0%). At initial contact, we showed that during forward walking, the ankle and hip presented more flexion than during backward walking (ankle: 84.0 vs. 91.8º and hip: 22.8 vs. 8.0º; P < 0.001). At final stance, the knee and hip were more flexed at low frequency than at high frequency (knee: 150.0 vs. 157.0º and hip: ?12.2 vs. –14.5º; P < 0.001). The knee angle showed more flexion at forward walking (134.0º) than backward walking (173.1º) (P < 0.001). In conclusion, these results show how forward and backward walking in water at different frequencies differ and contribute to a better understanding of this activity in training and rehabilitation.  相似文献   

Assessment of three-dimensional joint kinematics of the upper limb during simulated swimming using wearable inertial-magnetic measurement units     

Silvia Fantozzi  Andrea Giovanardi  Fabrício Anício Magalhães  Rocco Di Michele  Matteo Cortesi  Giorgio Gatta 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(11):1073-1080

The analysis of the joint kinematics during swimming plays a fundamental role both in sports conditioning and in clinical contexts. Contrary to the traditional video analysis, wearable inertial-magnetic measurements units (IMMUs) allow to analyse both the underwater and aerial phases of the swimming stroke over the whole length of the swimming pool. Furthermore, the rapid calibration and short data processing required by IMMUs provide coaches and athletes with an immediate feedback on swimming kinematics during training. This study aimed to develop a protocol to assess the three-dimensional kinematics of the upper limbs during swimming using IMMUs. Kinematics were evaluated during simulated dry-land swimming trials performed in the laboratory by eight swimmers. A stereo-photogrammetric system was used as the gold standard. The results showed high coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) values, with median (first–third quartile) of 0.97 (0.93–0.95) and 0.99 (0.97–0.99) for simulated front-crawl and breaststroke, respectively. Furthermore, the joint angles were estimated with an accuracy increasing from distal to proximal joints, with wrist indices showing median CMC values always higher than 0.90. The present findings represent an important step towards the practical use of technology based on IMMUs for the kinematic analysis of swimming in applied contexts.  相似文献   

Differences in pedalling technique between road cyclists of different competitive levels     

Juan García-López  Sergio Díez-Leal  Ana Ogueta-Alday  Josu Larrazabal  José A. Rodríguez-Marroyo 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(17):1619-1626

The purpose of this study was to compare the pedalling technique in road cyclists of different competitive levels. Eleven professional, thirteen elite and fourteen club cyclists were assessed at the beginning of their competition season. Cyclists’ anthropometric characteristics and bike measurements were recorded. Three sets of pedalling (200, 250 and 300 W) on a cycle ergometer that simulated their habitual cycling posture were performed at a constant cadence (~90 rpm), while kinetic and kinematic variables were registered. The results showed no differences on the main anthropometric variables and bike measurements. Professional cyclists obtained higher positive impulse proportion (1.5–3.3% and P < 0.05), mainly due to a lower resistive torque during the upstroke (15.4–28.7% and P < 0.05). They also showed a higher ankle range of movement (ROM, 1.1–4.0° and P < 0.05). Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were found between the cyclists’ body mass and the kinetic variables of pedalling: positive impulse proportion (r = ?0.59 to ?0.61), minimum (r = ?0.59 to ?0.63) and maximum torques (r = 0.35–0.47). In conclusion, professional cyclists had better pedalling technique than elite and club cyclists, because they opted for enhancing pulling force at the recovery phase to sustain the same power output. This technique depended on cycling experience and level of expertise.  相似文献   

Coordination pattern of baseball pitching among young pitchers of various ages and velocity levels     

Hsiu-Hui Chen  Chiang Liu  Wen-Wen Yang 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(17):1682-1690

This study compared the whole-body movement coordination of pitching among 72 baseball players of various ages and velocity levels. Participants were classified as senior, junior, and little according to their age, with each group comprising 24 players. The velocity levels of the high-velocity (the top eight) and low-velocity (the lowest eight) groups were classified according to their pitching velocity. During pitching, the coordinates of 15 markers attached to the major joints of the whole-body movement system were collected for analysis. Sixteen kinematic parameters were calculated to compare the groups and velocity levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to quantify the coordination pattern of pitching movement. The results were as follows: (1) five position and two velocity parameters significantly differed among the age groups, and two position and one velocity parameters significantly differed between the high- and low-velocity groups. (2) The coordination patterns of pitching movement could be described using three components, of which the eigenvalues and contents varied according to age and velocity level. In conclusion, the senior and junior players showed greater elbow angular velocity, whereas the little players exhibited a wider shoulder angle only at the beginning of pitching. The players with high velocity exhibited higher trunk and shoulder rotation velocity. The variations among groups found using PCA and kinematics parameter analyses were consistent.  相似文献   

Dribbling determinants in sub-elite youth soccer players     

Matteo Zago  Andrea Gianluca Piovan  Isabella Annoni  Daniela Ciprandi  F. Marcello Iaia 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(5):411-419

Dribbling speed in soccer is considered critical to the outcome of the game and can assist in the talent identification process. However, little is known about the biomechanics of this skill. By means of a motion capture system, we aimed to quantitatively investigate the determinants of effective dribbling skill in a group of 10 Under-13 sub-elite players, divided by the median-split technique according to their dribbling test time (faster and slower groups). Foot-ball contacts cadence, centre of mass (CoM), ranges of motion (RoM), velocity and acceleration, as well as stride length, cadence and variability were computed. Hip and knee joint RoMs were also considered. Faster players, as compared to slower players, showed a 30% higher foot-ball cadence (3.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2 contacts · s^?1, P < 0.01); reduced CoM mediolateral (0.91 ± 0.05 vs. 1.14 ± 0.16 m, P < 0.05) and vertical (0.19 ± 0.01 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 m, P < 0.05) RoMs; higher right stride cadence (+20%, P < 0.05) with lower variability (P < 0.05); reduced hip and knee flexion RoMs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, faster players are able to run with the ball through a shorter path in a more economical way. To effectively develop dribbling skill, coaches are encouraged to design specific practices where high stride frequency and narrow run trajectories are required.  相似文献   

论"万里模式"   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

徐亚芬 《复旦教育论坛》2003,1(2):66-70

“万里模式”在宏观高等教育体系方面的特点是从既不同于国立高校,又不同于一般意义上的民办高校两个侧面体现出来的,它是国立高校的拓展,又是对民办高校的完善;“万里模式”的办学理念是“以生为本,以师立校,面向市场,国际接轨”。“以生为本”是办学之纲。“万里模式”的办学机制是与其全新的办学体制密不可分的,推动这一机制运行的是以万里精神为核心的“文化力”,这一机制形成的关键是将市场经济的规则引入到高校管理内部。  相似文献   

科技创新与构建福建特色的学习型社会     

程华云  许斗斗 《莆田学院学报》2004,11(2):42-45

阐述科技创新是将科技成果直接转化到经济社会活动中以获得实际绩效的过程。在现代社会中,科技创新已经带来了学习型社会的构建。指出我省在构建有福建特色的学习型社会的过程中要注意提高全省人民的科技创新的社会认同感,科技创新应实现与自然、经济和社会的协调发展。  相似文献